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Writer's pictureDr. Scott Martin

The Science Behind Acupuncture: How Does Acupuncture Work?

Updated: Nov 19


The art of acupuncture is a science still trying to be understood. One thing is for sure, its ever increasing use across the medical professions to help improve people's health problems.
The art of acupuncture is a science still trying to be understood. One thing is for sure, its ever increasing use across the medical professions to help improve people's health problems.

Introduction to Acupuncture

Acupuncture is an ancient practice from China where thin needles are inserted into specific points on the body. People believe it helps restore balance and heal various health issues. But how does Acupuncture really work?




The Foundation of Acupuncture

The Concept of Healing

At the core of acupuncture is the idea that our bodies can heal themselves. For example, if you break a bone, a doctor will help set it, but it’s your body that does the actual healing. Acupuncture works by encouraging the body’s natural healing processes.


Meridians and Acupoints

Meridians are channels in the body that connect to different organs and functions, similar to nerves. They don’t just run in straight lines; they branch out to affect various tissues and organs.

  • Acupoints: These are specific spots along the meridians where needles are inserted. There are over 700 acupoints, each designed to treat different health issues. Usually, several points are treated at once for better results.


Are Meridians the Same as Nerves?

While meridians and nerves both connect parts of the body, they are not the same. Some people have tried to compare them, but it hasn’t worked perfectly. Acupuncture points can influence areas of the body that are not directly connected to the nerve pathways. This unique ability is what sets acupuncture apart from traditional medicine.



These are some of the meridians and acupoints on the front of the body.
These are some of the meridians and acupoints on the front of the body.

How does Acupuncture work by affecting the Autonomic Nervous System?

Acupoints have various effects on the central nervous system (CNS):

  1. Neurotransmitter Release

    • Endorphins: Acupuncture helps release endorphins, which are natural painkillers that can help reduce pain.

    • Serotonin and Dopamine: These chemicals affect mood and can help reduce feelings of anxiety and depression (Zhou et al., 2015).

  2. Pain Control

    • Gate Control Theory: Acupuncture may help block pain signals from reaching the brain.

    • Descending Pain Inhibition: Acupuncture can activate pathways that tell the brain to reduce pain (Huang et al., 2021).

  3. Improving Blood Flow

    • Vasodilation: Inserting needles can widen blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to the affected areas (Lee et al., 2013).

    • Inflammation Control: Better circulation can help reduce swelling and pain (Vickers et al., 2018).

  4. Brain Activity Changes

    • Functional Imaging Studies: Brain scans show that acupuncture affects areas involved in pain, such as the thalamus (Cheng et al., 2014).

    • Improved Communication: Acupuncture might enhance how different brain regions communicate, helping with emotional and sensory information (Liu et al., 2018).

  5. Balancing the Nervous System

    • Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic: Acupuncture can help balance the two parts of the nervous system, reducing stress and promoting relaxation (Zhao et al., 2020).

  6. Boosting the Immune System

    • Immune Function: Acupuncture may help the immune system respond better to stress and injury (Cao et al., 2015).

Key Points:

  • Acupuncture uses the body’s natural healing abilities by affecting the nervous system and blood flow.

  • Meridians and nerves connect the body differently, making acupuncture unique.

  • Acupuncture influences pain control, neurotransmitter release, and immune function.


Benefits of Acupuncture


An acupuncture treatment is nothing like getting a needle from the nurse, doctor or dentist.
An acupuncture treatment is nothing like getting a needle from the nurse, doctor or dentist.

Pain Management

Acupuncture is effective for managing pain, including:


Stress Reduction

Many people use acupuncture to manage stress. It can help relax the body and improve mental health.


Enhanced Immune Function

Regular acupuncture sessions might help improve the immune system by boosting white blood cell production, helping the body fight off infections (Cao et al., 2015).


Scientific Research and Evidence

Research supports acupuncture’s effectiveness. Studies show:

  • Acupuncture can reduce chronic pain and is as effective as some traditional treatments (Vickers et al., 2018).

  • It can help with anxiety, insomnia, and digestive issues (Lee et al., 2013).

  • A review found that acupuncture significantly improves pain and quality of life (Vickers et al., 2018).


Safety and Considerations

Qualified Practitioners

Always seek treatment from licensed acupuncturists to ensure safety. Poor technique can lead to complications.


Dry needling is not acupuncture.

While both techniques uses the very same acupuncture needles, Dry Needling is taught in two days, whereas Acupuncture is a full university degree requiring 3-4 years of study and practice before qualification.



The size of an acupuncture needle (0.25mm) versus an hypodermic needle (1.8mm)
The size of an acupuncture needle (0.25mm) versus an hypodermic needle (1.8mm)

Possible Side Effects

While acupuncture is generally safe, some side effects may include:

  • Minor bruising

  • Soreness at needle sites

  • Lightheadedness

Always talk about any concerns with your acupuncturist before treatment.


Conclusion

Acupuncture offers a unique way to improve health and promote natural healing. Understanding how it works can help people appreciate its benefits. If you’re considering acupuncture, consult a qualified practitioner to see if it’s right for you.


References

  1. Zhou, W., et al. (2015). "Effects of acupuncture on the release of neuropeptides." Journal of Pain Research, 8, 555-561.

  2. Huang, W., et al. (2021). "Neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture in pain management." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021.

  3. Lee, J. H., et al. (2013). "The effect of acupuncture on blood flow." Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2(4), 517-528.

  4. Vickers, A. J., et al. (2018). "Acupuncture for chronic pain: Update of an individual patient data meta-analysis." The Journal of Pain, 19(3), 227-237.

  5. Cheng, K., et al. (2014). "Acupuncture and its neurobiological effects on pain." Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 24(3), 639-657.

  6. Liu, H., et al. (2018). "Neural mechanisms of acupuncture in chronic pain: A review of human studies." Acupuncture in Medicine, 36(4), 275-280.

  7. Zhao, L., et al. (2020). "The role of acupuncture in the treatment of stress-related disorders." Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1234.

  8. Cao, H., et al. (2015). "Acupuncture for the treatment of allergic rhinitis." Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 45(1), 104-112.

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